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**Tyrannosaurus Rex** Meet the king of predators—T-Rex ruled Late Cretaceous North America with bone-crushing jaws and 8-ton power. Though its tiny arms seem comical, this 40-foot apex hunter chased prey at 12 mph, sniffing out meals with a keen sense of smell. Fun fact: Its bite force could shatter a car! **Triceratops** This three-horned titan defended itself against T-Rex with a massive bony frill and 30-foot frame. Grazing on tough palms in herds, Triceratops used its parrot-like beak to shred vegetation. Juvenile fossils show stubby horns that grew deadly with age! **Velociraptor** Forget pop culture myths—this turkey-sized predator hunted in packs using sickle-shaped claws and cunning. Covered in feathers, Velociraptor ambushed prey in arid Mongolia. Its brain-to-body ratio hints at sharp problem-solving skills. **Brachiosaurus** Towering 40 feet tall, this gentle giant browsed treetops with a giraffe-like neck. Weighing 60 tons, adults had little to fear—even predators avoided their whip-crack tails. Air sacs in its bones kept its colossal frame light enough to move! **Stegosaurus** Roaming Jurassic plains, this 20-foot herbivore waved a spiked tail at Allosaurus attackers. Double rows of bony plates may have flushed red to scare rivals or regulate temperature. Its walnut-sized brain fueled simple survival instincts. **Ankylosaurus** Nature’s tank! Armored in bony plates and wielding a clubbed tail, this Cretaceous herbivore turned predators into retreating casualties. Even its eyelids were reinforced. Low-slung and wide, it devoured ferns like a living bulldozer. **Spinosaurus** Bigger than T-Rex, this semi-aquatic monster prowled North African rivers with crocodile-like jaws and a sail-backed silhouette. Webbed feet and dense bones let it dive for giant coelacanths—truly the “river king” of dinosaurs. **Pteranodon** Soaring on 20-foot wings, this Cretaceous glider wasn’t a dinosaur but a close cousin! Toothless and graceful, it skimmed ocean surfaces for fish, using its spear-shaped crest to steer midair. Females had smaller crests—easy gender spotting! **Parasaurolophus** This duck-billed marvel communicated through a 6-foot hollow crest that trumpeted eerie calls across Cretaceous forests. Herds of thousands migrated seasonally, chewing tough conifers with stacked teeth that regrew endlessly. **Allosaurus** The “lion of the Jurassic,” this 30-foot carnivore ambushed prey with serrated teeth and hinged jaws for wider bites. Pack hunters? Maybe! Fossils show healed injuries—this predator survived brutal battles. **Diplodocus** Stretching 90 feet, this whip-tailed giant used its neck like a vacuum cleaner, stripping ferns without moving. Pebbles in its gut ground plants for digestion. Its sheer size meant hatchlings grew 6 pounds a day! **Pachycephalosaurus** Bone-headed and bold! This bipedal herbivore rammed rivals at 15 mph with its 10-inch-thick skull dome. Flocks likely clashed during mating season—dino headbutting contests under Cretaceous skies. **Iguanodon** Pioneer of paleontology! This early-discovered herbivore walked on all fours but sprinted bipedally. Its thumb spikes could stab attackers or crack seeds. Fossilized footprints suggest vast migratory herds. **Compsognathus** Chicken-sized but fierce, this Jurassic mini-predator snatched insects and lizards with needle teeth. Once thought to hunt in packs, new studies suggest solo lifestyles. Fluffy feathers kept it warm in European forests. **Carnotaurus** Meet the “meat-eating bull”! Horned brows and a bulldog snout made this South American predator unmistakable. Built for speed, its streamlined body hit 30 mph—perfect for chasing down smaller dinosaurs.
