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Sonic the Hedgehog, the iconic blue anthropomorphic hedgehog and protagonist of Sega’s long-running series, is renowned for his supersonic speed and signature spin attacks. Co-created by programmer Yuji Naka and artist Naoto Ohshima, Sonic debuted in 1991 as Sega’s answer to Nintendo’s Mario, starring in a groundbreaking platformer that challenged players to sprint through vibrant stages while dodging hazards and collecting golden rings. His design evolved in 1998’s *Sonic Adventure*, where artist Yuji Uekawa reimagined him with a sharper, more mature aesthetic to captivate older audiences. A cultural phenomenon, Sonic’s games have sold over 80 million copies by 2011, cementing his status as a gaming legend. His 2005 induction into the Walk of Game alongside Mario, Link, and Master Chief further solidified his legacy. Sonic’s earliest cameo appeared in the 1991 arcade racer *Rad Mobile* as a dangling ornament, but his proper debut arrived later that year in *Sonic the Hedgehog* for the Sega Genesis, introducing his arch-nemesis Dr. Robotnik (later Dr. Eggman). The 1992 sequel *Sonic the Hedgehog 2* added his loyal fox companion Tails, while *Sonic CD* (1993) introduced Amy Rose and the menacing Metal Sonic. The *Sonic 3* and *Sonic & Knuckles* duology (1994) expanded the roster with Knuckles, initially manipulated by Eggman to oppose Sonic. The episodic *Sonic 4* (2010–2012) revisited classic gameplay, reuniting Sonic with Tails and reigniting his rivalry with Metal Sonic. Handheld titles like *Sonic Advance* (2001–2004) and *Sonic Rush* (2005–2007) kept the 2D platforming spirit alive, while *Sonic Colors* (2010) and *Generations* (2011) blended retro and modern styles. Transitioning to 3D, *Sonic Adventure* (1998) thrust Sonic into a sprawling narrative battling the creature Chaos in Station Square, complete with full voice acting. Its 2001 sequel *Sonic Adventure 2* pitted him against Shadow the Hedgehog and military forces, while *Sonic Heroes* (2003) united him with Tails and Knuckles to thwart Metal Sonic’s global takeover. Later entries like *Sonic Unleashed* (2008) experimented with his Werehog alter-ego, and *Sonic Lost World* (2013) introduced spherical level design. Spinoffs such as *Sonic and the Secret Rings* (2007) and *Sonic and the Black Knight* (2009) reimagined him in storybook worlds, while racing games (*Sonic Riders*), RPGs (*Sonic Chronicles*), and fighting titles (*Sonic the Fighters*) diversified his portfolio. Supporting characters like Shadow, Knuckles, and Tails also headlined their own games, though Sonic often made cameos. Through decades of evolution, Sonic remains a symbol of speed, rebellion, and enduring appeal in gaming history.
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